资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
解码中央农村工作会议 夯实“三农”压舱石 力争产能再上新台阶****** 强国必先强农,农强方能国强。近日召开的中央农村工作会议锚定建设农业强国目标,对“三农”工作作出一系列重要部署,强调“保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给”始终是建设农业强国的头等大事,提出“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”“抓住耕地和种子两个要害”“健全种粮农民收益保障机制”等。 业内专家表示,我国粮食安全形势总体向好,推动粮食产能迈上新台阶,进一步挖掘粮食增产潜力,粮食安全的根基将进一步夯实。为此,要抓住耕地和种子两个关键,提高农民种粮综合收益,持续激发农民种粮的内生动力。 实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动 悠悠万事,吃饭为大。会议将“保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给”作为建设农业强国的头等大事,指出要“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”,抓紧制定实施方案。 近年来,我国粮食产能稳定提升。国家统计局数据显示,2022年全年粮食实现增产丰收,全国粮食总产量达13731亿斤,比上年增加74亿斤,增长0.5%,粮食产量连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。人均粮食占有量达483公斤,高于国际公认的400公斤粮食安全线,做到了谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。 “我国粮食安全形势总体是好的,不过,当前和今后一个时期,我国保障粮食安全仍面临一些风险挑战。”中国人民大学教授、国家粮食安全战略研究院院长程国强说,必须未雨绸缪,始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦,持续提升粮食综合生产能力,更好地保障粮食安全。 “据测算,我国粮食产量在‘十四五’期间有望达到1.4万亿斤。”中国农业大学国家农业市场研究中心主任、国家小麦产业技术体系产业经济研究室主任韩一军说,实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动,进一步挖掘粮食增产潜力,推动粮食产能迈上新台阶,为保障粮食安全夯实基础。 韩一军还表示,会议强调保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给,这是在当前国际国内形势下对保障粮食安全作出的重要部署。下一步,要统筹好稳定与安全的关系,增强我国农业产业链韧性,切实提升大豆油料等产能和自给率,保障我国粮食和重要农产品全球供应链的安全稳定。 抓住耕地和种子两个要害 会议强调,要抓住耕地和种子两个要害,坚决守住18亿亩耕地红线,逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田,把种业振兴行动切实抓出成效,把当家品种牢牢攥在自己手里。 韩一军表示,继续提高粮食产能,耕地和种子是关键。其中,在耕地方面,除了守住“18亿亩”红线之外,还要抓好高标准农田建设、黑土地保护,这是提高粮食产能的根基。 近年来,各地加紧推进旱涝保收、稳产高产的高标准农田建设,不断改善农业基础设施。到2022年底,我国高标准农田将累计建成10亿亩。 “但要继续提高产量,靠扩大面积空间有限,重点还要提高单产,种子就成了关键中的关键。”韩一军说,所以要把种业振兴行动切实抓出成效,要把当家品种牢牢攥在自己手里。 记者从农业农村部获悉,在我国农作物生产中,80%的种子是靠企业提供的。近年来,我国种业企业发展较快,已经拥有两家全球前10强的农作物种业企业,但是多数企业规模小、竞争力不强。 2021年7月,中央全面深化改革委员会第二十次会议审议通过《种业振兴行动方案》,明确要扶持优势种业企业发展。2022年8月,农业农村部发文表示要做优做强一批种业龙头公司,加快打造种业振兴骨干力量。 农业农村部种业管理司相关负责人指出,只有让更多拥有自有品种的优势企业成为种业市场的供应者、品种更新的推动者,才能真正落实种源自主可控的目标要求。 健全种粮农民收益保障机制 要丰收,也要增收,才能持续激发农民种粮的内生动力。 会议提出,要健全种粮农民收益保障机制,健全主产区利益补偿机制。保障粮食安全,要在增产和减损两端同时发力,持续深化食物节约各项行动。 “健全种粮农民收益保障机制和主产区利益补偿机制,让农民种粮有利可图、让主产区抓粮有积极性。”程国强说。 一直以来,种粮成本高、收益低,是影响农民种粮积极性的重要原因。此外,粮食生产还面临市场波动、自然灾害等风险挑战。 为了确保农民种粮卖得出、有钱挣,近年来我国不断强化粮食生产政策扶持,加快建立健全农产品价格、农业补贴、农业保险等保障机制。2022年,中央先后向实际种粮农民发放一次性农资补贴资金400亿元,缓解农资价格上涨带来的种粮增支影响;继续提高小麦、稻谷最低收购价,稳定玉米、大豆生产者补贴和稻谷补贴政策,提高农民种粮积极性;在继续实施政策性农业保险的基础上,实现三大主粮完全成本保险和种植收益保险在主产区产粮大县全覆盖。 农业农村部农村经济研究中心产业发展研究室主任曹慧表示,健全种粮农民收益保障机制,要构建价格、补贴、保险“三位一体”的扶持政策体系,完善主产区利益补偿机制,采取有效措施巩固粮食功能区生产能力,防止出现功能弱化趋势。此外,还要大力发展收购、存储等农业社会化服务,减少粮食产后损耗,推动节本增效,提高农民种粮综合收益。(记者汪子旭 班娟娟) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |